Jennifer Brick Murtazashvili is the founding director of the Center for Governance and Markets and a professor at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs. She serves as a nonresident scholar at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, a distinguished scholar of peace and international order at the Institute for Humane Studies, and is a contributing editor at National Interest magazine. She has been recognized as one of the world's top thinkers by Prospect Magazine. At the University of Pittsburgh, she received the Donald Goldstein Professor of the Year Award and the Sheth Distinguished Faculty Award for International Achievement She is the author of several books including, Informal Order and the State in Afghanistan (Cambridge University Press), which received the Best Book Award in Social Sciences from the Central Eurasian Studies Society and an honorable mention from the International Development Section of the International Studies Association. Other books include, Land, the State, and War: Property Institutions and Political Order in Afghanistan (with Ilia Murtazashvili) and The Origins and Consequences of Property Rights (with Coliin Harris, Meina Cai, and Ilia Murtazashvili) both published by Cambridge University Press. In the policy world, she served as a democracy and governance officer for the United States Agency for International Development in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, and worked as a senior researcher for the Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit in Kabul. Other policy work includes service for the World Bank, the US Department of Defense, the United Nations Development Program, UNICEF, and as a US Peace Corps Volunteer in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. Currently, she is a member of the executive board of the American Institute for Afghanistan Studies, a board member at the Collins Institute for Abrahamic Heritage, and a member of PONARS Eurasia. Previously, she was a nonresident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council's Eurasia Center, served as the president of the Central Eurasian Studies Society, and was an elected board member of the Section for International and Comparative Public Administration of the American Society of Public Administration.

Thomas Barfield is a social anthropologist who conducted ethnographic fieldwork among pastoral nomads in northern Afghanistan in the mid 1970s as well as shorter periods of research in Xinjiang, China and post-Soviet Central Asia. He is the author of The Central Asian Arabs of Afghanistan (1981), The Perilous Frontier: Nomadic Empires and China (1989) and Afghanistan: An Atlas of Indigenous Domestic Architecture (1991). After 2001 his research returned to Afghanistan, focusing on law, government organization and economic development issues on which he has written extensively. In 2006 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship that led to the publication of Afghanistan: A cultural and political history (2010). That book received an outstanding title award for American Library Association in 2011 and was republished in an expanded second edition in 2022 . He has served as President of the American Institute for Afghanistan Studies since 2005. His most recent book, Shadow Empires, explores how distinctly different types empires arose and sustained themselves as the dominant polities of Eurasia and North Africa for 2500 years before disappearing in the 20th century. Selected Publications 2023. Shadow Empires: An alternative imperial history. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2022. Afghanistan: A cultural and political history (2nd edition). Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1997. (executive editor) The dictionary of anthropology. Oxford and Malden, MA: Blackwell. 1989. The perilous frontier: Nomadic empires and China, 221 BC to AD 1757. Oxford: Blackwell.

Professor Lombardi joined the UW law school faculty in 2004. A specialist in Islamic law and in constitutional law, he teaches in these areas and also teaches courses in federalism, comparative law, and development law. Professor Lombardi's current research and writing have focused on the evolution of Islamic law in contemporary legal systems. He also focuses on comparative judicial institutions and on the way that constitutional systems deal with religious organizations and religious law. Professor Lombardi has a Ph.D. in Religion from Columbia University where he focused on Islamic law. At Columbia Law School in 1998 he was a James Kent Scholar and editor-in-chief of the Columbia Journal of Transnational Law. From 1999-2000, he clerked for Judge Samuel A. Alito, then on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. He practiced law with the firm of Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen & Hamilton in New York City, where he specialized in representing sovereigns and in complex transnational commercial matters, often with sovereign participation. Professor Lombardi has lived, worked or studied in Indonesia, Yemen, Egypt, and Afghanistan. He has taught courses on Islamic law at Columbia Law School and the NYU Department of Middle East Studies. He has spoken at the Council on Foreign Relations and numerous academic forums. He has been involved in projects advising on constitutional or legal reform in the Muslim world, including Iraq and Afghanistan. In recognition of his work, he was named a Carnegie Scholar for 2006-08, which allowed him to expand his research into Islamic law and constitutionalism in the modern world.

Alice Stokke is a graduate of Connecticut College and has a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law. Following several years in commercial banking and practicing law, she administered international grants and contracts at the University of Washington School of Law (UW) from 2003-2020. She played an integral role in UW’s sixteen-year effort to build capacity in Afghanistan’s public universities’ legal education programs and served as Co-Director of its Legal Education Support Program-Afghanistan (LESPA). She also administered or judged the Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition in Afghanistan for several years.

Dr. Bashir Mobasher is a postdoctoral fellow at the American University (DC), an adjunct at the American University of Afghanistan, and an affiliate with EBS Universität. Bashir is an expert in constitutional design in divided societies. He has authored, reviewed, and supervised numerous research projects on constitutional law, electoral systems, and identity politics. His recent research projects are centered around decentralization, social justice, and orientalism. Bashir obtained his B.A. (2007) from the School of Law and Political Science at Kabul University and his LLM (2010) and PhD (2017) from the University of Washington School of Law. Recent Publications •2023. "Politics Before Law: The New Panel Code of 2017 and Its Limited Protection of Ethnic Minorities" in Criminal Legalities and Minorities in the Global South •2023. Missed Opportunities: How Jihadi Elites Mishandled Constitutional Reforms in Afghanistan, InterRegional Institute for Strategic Analysis. •2022. "The Constitution and the Laws of the Taliban 1996-2001: Hints From the Past & Options for the Future" International IDEA •2022. “Deproblematizing the Federal–Unitary Dichotomy: Insights from a Public Opinion Survey about Approaches to Designing a Political System in Afghanistan” Publius: The Journal of Federalism •2022. "Terrorizing Education: Afghanistan’s Educational Sector Grapples with Taliban’s Extremism" Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “Designing A Constitution: Bridging the Gap Between Political Ideals and Political Practices in Afghanistan,” in Risks, Identity, and Conflict •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—II: The Taliban’s Hostage Diplomacy” The Diplomat •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—I: The Myth of Taliban 2.0” The Diplomat •2021. "Should the Taliban Be Given Afghanistan’s UN Seat? A Test of the Integrity of International Law" The Diplomat •2021. “The Leadership Factor: How Has a Fixable State Failed in Afghanistan?” Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “What Does the Future Hold for the New Taliban Government?” Inter-Regional Institute for Strategic Analysis.

Dr. Bashir Mobasher is a postdoctoral fellow at the American University (DC), an adjunct at the American University of Afghanistan, and an affiliate with EBS Universität. Bashir is an expert in constitutional design in divided societies. He has authored, reviewed, and supervised numerous research projects on constitutional law, electoral systems, and identity politics. His recent research projects are centered around decentralization, social justice, and orientalism. Bashir obtained his B.A. (2007) from the School of Law and Political Science at Kabul University and his LLM (2010) and PhD (2017) from the University of Washington School of Law. Recent Publications •2023. "Politics Before Law: The New Panel Code of 2017 and Its Limited Protection of Ethnic Minorities" in Criminal Legalities and Minorities in the Global South •2023. Missed Opportunities: How Jihadi Elites Mishandled Constitutional Reforms in Afghanistan, InterRegional Institute for Strategic Analysis. •2022. "The Constitution and the Laws of the Taliban 1996-2001: Hints From the Past & Options for the Future" International IDEA •2022. “Deproblematizing the Federal–Unitary Dichotomy: Insights from a Public Opinion Survey about Approaches to Designing a Political System in Afghanistan” Publius: The Journal of Federalism •2022. "Terrorizing Education: Afghanistan’s Educational Sector Grapples with Taliban’s Extremism" Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “Designing A Constitution: Bridging the Gap Between Political Ideals and Political Practices in Afghanistan,” in Risks, Identity, and Conflict •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—II: The Taliban’s Hostage Diplomacy” The Diplomat •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—I: The Myth of Taliban 2.0” The Diplomat •2021. "Should the Taliban Be Given Afghanistan’s UN Seat? A Test of the Integrity of International Law" The Diplomat •2021. “The Leadership Factor: How Has a Fixable State Failed in Afghanistan?” Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “What Does the Future Hold for the New Taliban Government?” Inter-Regional Institute for Strategic Analysis.

Mimi Kirk is Associate Director and Adjunct Faculty for the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies at Georgetown University. She was previously Program Manager at the Middle East Studies Association and Managing Director of Al-Shabaka, The Palestinian Policy Network. She serves on the Board of Americans for Middle East Understanding and is director of the Institute for the Study of Christian Zionism and editor of the Journal for the Study of Christian Zionism. Her writing has appeared in Middle East Report, the Atlantic, Jadaliyya, and Al Jazeera, among other publications.

Dr. Bashir Mobasher is a postdoctoral fellow at the American University (DC), an adjunct at the American University of Afghanistan, and an affiliate with EBS Universität. Bashir is an expert in constitutional design in divided societies. He has authored, reviewed, and supervised numerous research projects on constitutional law, electoral systems, and identity politics. His recent research projects are centered around decentralization, social justice, and orientalism. Bashir obtained his B.A. (2007) from the School of Law and Political Science at Kabul University and his LLM (2010) and PhD (2017) from the University of Washington School of Law. Recent Publications •2023. "Politics Before Law: The New Panel Code of 2017 and Its Limited Protection of Ethnic Minorities" in Criminal Legalities and Minorities in the Global South •2023. Missed Opportunities: How Jihadi Elites Mishandled Constitutional Reforms in Afghanistan, InterRegional Institute for Strategic Analysis. •2022. "The Constitution and the Laws of the Taliban 1996-2001: Hints From the Past & Options for the Future" International IDEA •2022. “Deproblematizing the Federal–Unitary Dichotomy: Insights from a Public Opinion Survey about Approaches to Designing a Political System in Afghanistan” Publius: The Journal of Federalism •2022. "Terrorizing Education: Afghanistan’s Educational Sector Grapples with Taliban’s Extremism" Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “Designing A Constitution: Bridging the Gap Between Political Ideals and Political Practices in Afghanistan,” in Risks, Identity, and Conflict •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—II: The Taliban’s Hostage Diplomacy” The Diplomat •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—I: The Myth of Taliban 2.0” The Diplomat •2021. "Should the Taliban Be Given Afghanistan’s UN Seat? A Test of the Integrity of International Law" The Diplomat •2021. “The Leadership Factor: How Has a Fixable State Failed in Afghanistan?” Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “What Does the Future Hold for the New Taliban Government?” Inter-Regional Institute for Strategic Analysis.

Dr. Bashir Mobasher is a postdoctoral fellow at the American University (DC), an adjunct at the American University of Afghanistan, and an affiliate with EBS Universität. Bashir is an expert in constitutional design in divided societies. He has authored, reviewed, and supervised numerous research projects on constitutional law, electoral systems, and identity politics. His recent research projects are centered around decentralization, social justice, and orientalism. Bashir obtained his B.A. (2007) from the School of Law and Political Science at Kabul University and his LLM (2010) and PhD (2017) from the University of Washington School of Law. Recent Publications •2023. "Politics Before Law: The New Panel Code of 2017 and Its Limited Protection of Ethnic Minorities" in Criminal Legalities and Minorities in the Global South •2023. Missed Opportunities: How Jihadi Elites Mishandled Constitutional Reforms in Afghanistan, InterRegional Institute for Strategic Analysis. •2022. "The Constitution and the Laws of the Taliban 1996-2001: Hints From the Past & Options for the Future" International IDEA •2022. “Deproblematizing the Federal–Unitary Dichotomy: Insights from a Public Opinion Survey about Approaches to Designing a Political System in Afghanistan” Publius: The Journal of Federalism •2022. "Terrorizing Education: Afghanistan’s Educational Sector Grapples with Taliban’s Extremism" Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “Designing A Constitution: Bridging the Gap Between Political Ideals and Political Practices in Afghanistan,” in Risks, Identity, and Conflict •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—II: The Taliban’s Hostage Diplomacy” The Diplomat •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—I: The Myth of Taliban 2.0” The Diplomat •2021. "Should the Taliban Be Given Afghanistan’s UN Seat? A Test of the Integrity of International Law" The Diplomat •2021. “The Leadership Factor: How Has a Fixable State Failed in Afghanistan?” Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “What Does the Future Hold for the New Taliban Government?” Inter-Regional Institute for Strategic Analysis.

Dr. Bashir Mobasher is a postdoctoral fellow at the American University (DC), an adjunct at the American University of Afghanistan, and an affiliate with EBS Universität. Bashir is an expert in constitutional design in divided societies. He has authored, reviewed, and supervised numerous research projects on constitutional law, electoral systems, and identity politics. His recent research projects are centered around decentralization, social justice, and orientalism. Bashir obtained his B.A. (2007) from the School of Law and Political Science at Kabul University and his LLM (2010) and PhD (2017) from the University of Washington School of Law. Recent Publications •2023. "Politics Before Law: The New Panel Code of 2017 and Its Limited Protection of Ethnic Minorities" in Criminal Legalities and Minorities in the Global South •2023. Missed Opportunities: How Jihadi Elites Mishandled Constitutional Reforms in Afghanistan, InterRegional Institute for Strategic Analysis. •2022. "The Constitution and the Laws of the Taliban 1996-2001: Hints From the Past & Options for the Future" International IDEA •2022. “Deproblematizing the Federal–Unitary Dichotomy: Insights from a Public Opinion Survey about Approaches to Designing a Political System in Afghanistan” Publius: The Journal of Federalism •2022. "Terrorizing Education: Afghanistan’s Educational Sector Grapples with Taliban’s Extremism" Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “Designing A Constitution: Bridging the Gap Between Political Ideals and Political Practices in Afghanistan,” in Risks, Identity, and Conflict •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—II: The Taliban’s Hostage Diplomacy” The Diplomat •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—I: The Myth of Taliban 2.0” The Diplomat •2021. "Should the Taliban Be Given Afghanistan’s UN Seat? A Test of the Integrity of International Law" The Diplomat •2021. “The Leadership Factor: How Has a Fixable State Failed in Afghanistan?” Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “What Does the Future Hold for the New Taliban Government?” Inter-Regional Institute for Strategic Analysis.

Dr. Bashir Mobasher is a postdoctoral fellow at the American University (DC), an adjunct at the American University of Afghanistan, and an affiliate with EBS Universität. Bashir is an expert in constitutional design in divided societies. He has authored, reviewed, and supervised numerous research projects on constitutional law, electoral systems, and identity politics. His recent research projects are centered around decentralization, social justice, and orientalism. Bashir obtained his B.A. (2007) from the School of Law and Political Science at Kabul University and his LLM (2010) and PhD (2017) from the University of Washington School of Law. Recent Publications •2023. "Politics Before Law: The New Panel Code of 2017 and Its Limited Protection of Ethnic Minorities" in Criminal Legalities and Minorities in the Global South •2023. Missed Opportunities: How Jihadi Elites Mishandled Constitutional Reforms in Afghanistan, InterRegional Institute for Strategic Analysis. •2022. "The Constitution and the Laws of the Taliban 1996-2001: Hints From the Past & Options for the Future" International IDEA •2022. “Deproblematizing the Federal–Unitary Dichotomy: Insights from a Public Opinion Survey about Approaches to Designing a Political System in Afghanistan” Publius: The Journal of Federalism •2022. "Terrorizing Education: Afghanistan’s Educational Sector Grapples with Taliban’s Extremism" Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “Designing A Constitution: Bridging the Gap Between Political Ideals and Political Practices in Afghanistan,” in Risks, Identity, and Conflict •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—II: The Taliban’s Hostage Diplomacy” The Diplomat •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—I: The Myth of Taliban 2.0” The Diplomat •2021. "Should the Taliban Be Given Afghanistan’s UN Seat? A Test of the Integrity of International Law" The Diplomat •2021. “The Leadership Factor: How Has a Fixable State Failed in Afghanistan?” Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “What Does the Future Hold for the New Taliban Government?” Inter-Regional Institute for Strategic Analysis.

Dr. Bashir Mobasher is a postdoctoral fellow at the American University (DC), an adjunct at the American University of Afghanistan, and an affiliate with EBS Universität. Bashir is an expert in constitutional design in divided societies. He has authored, reviewed, and supervised numerous research projects on constitutional law, electoral systems, and identity politics. His recent research projects are centered around decentralization, social justice, and orientalism. Bashir obtained his B.A. (2007) from the School of Law and Political Science at Kabul University and his LLM (2010) and PhD (2017) from the University of Washington School of Law. Recent Publications •2023. "Politics Before Law: The New Panel Code of 2017 and Its Limited Protection of Ethnic Minorities" in Criminal Legalities and Minorities in the Global South •2023. Missed Opportunities: How Jihadi Elites Mishandled Constitutional Reforms in Afghanistan, InterRegional Institute for Strategic Analysis. •2022. "The Constitution and the Laws of the Taliban 1996-2001: Hints From the Past & Options for the Future" International IDEA •2022. “Deproblematizing the Federal–Unitary Dichotomy: Insights from a Public Opinion Survey about Approaches to Designing a Political System in Afghanistan” Publius: The Journal of Federalism •2022. "Terrorizing Education: Afghanistan’s Educational Sector Grapples with Taliban’s Extremism" Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “Designing A Constitution: Bridging the Gap Between Political Ideals and Political Practices in Afghanistan,” in Risks, Identity, and Conflict •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—II: The Taliban’s Hostage Diplomacy” The Diplomat •2021. “Examining the Taliban’s Words, Thoughts and Deeds—I: The Myth of Taliban 2.0” The Diplomat •2021. "Should the Taliban Be Given Afghanistan’s UN Seat? A Test of the Integrity of International Law" The Diplomat •2021. “The Leadership Factor: How Has a Fixable State Failed in Afghanistan?” Inter-Regional Ins. for Strategic Analysis. •2021. “What Does the Future Hold for the New Taliban Government?” Inter-Regional Institute for Strategic Analysis.